Genre: Non-fiction

Review – Stony Jack and the Lost Jewels of Cheapside

Posted November 24, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – Stony Jack and the Lost Jewels of Cheapside

Stony Jack and the Lost Jewels of Cheapside: Treasure and Ghosts in the London Clay

by Victoria Shepherd

Genres: History, Non-fiction
Pages: 400
Rating: two-stars
Synopsis:

June 1912. A pair of workmen deposit a heavy ball of clay in the antiques shop of George Fabian Lawrence, or ‘Stony Jack’ as he's better known. As Lawrence picks through the mud, a speck of gold catches his eye. A pearl earring tumbles into his hand, then another. A Burmese ruby follows; then Colombian emeralds, lapis lazuli from Afghanistan and turquoise from Iran; tankards; watches; topaz; amazonite.

Stony Jack has discovered the greatest single cache of Elizabethan treasure.

Diving into London’s bustling, sometimes lawless, antiques trade at the turn of the century, Victoria Shepherd provides a compelling portrait of the city at the height of empire. A thrilling ride through Edwardian London, from the marble halls of the British Museum to the East End's maze of tenements and alleyways, Stony Jack and the Lost Jewels of Cheapside oversees the transformation of the city into a modern metropolis.

Victoria Shepherd’s Stony Jack and the Lost Jewels of Cheapside digs into the story of the Cheapside Hoard, a cache of jewellery and gems from the 16th-17th century found during building work in 1912. “Stony Jack” was the navvies’ name for G.F. Lawrence, an antiquarian-cum-pawnshop owner who did work for various museums and spent most of his life hanging around construction sites hoping to swoop on interesting finds (including but not limited to jewellery). Shepherd traces the fate of the hoard, tries to figure out to whom it belonged, and discusses the lives of various people who were involved with it in some way.

There are a few problems with it, fascinating as I find that. The first is that Shepherd never met a digression or a wild supposition that she didn’t love. Everything is “maybe Queen Mary was in a car accident somewhere near Stony Jack’s shop because she wanted to go look at it”. And maybe not?! This isn’t fact, unless there’s some shred of evidence other than geographical closeness. There’s loads about Howard Carter, who had nothing to do with the hoard itself, beyond knowing Lawrence. And yet for all that, she chooses not to dig into the sordid details of the paedophilia that one of the major players was involved in, explicitly eliding it to focus on her narrative, and allowing you to forget the man was total scum who abused children.

She also commits astonishing errors of fact in at least one field I know something about, Egyptology. Here’s one of her (very characteristic) run-on sentences, which contains so many errors it’s difficult to know where to start:

Now the world would know about the later kings of Egypt of the Eighteenth Dynasty, and Tutankhamun specifically, who, with his father, had reverted to the worship of one deity, Amun, the sun god, ending Egypt’s long-standing polytheism.

Akhenaten, who was probably (but not certainly) Tutankhamun’s father, worshipped the Aten, very much not Amun. The clue is in his name. Although his court at Amarna converted to monotheism, some no doubt more for political reasons than religious, the rest of Egypt didn’t instantly drop polytheism. This was not a “reversion”, either: Egypt hadn’t been monotheistic previously. You can’t revert to something you’ve never been.

Tutankhamun then later reverted to the worship of Amun, against his father rather than with him, and Amarna was abandoned. Polytheism in Egypt didn’t end: at best, it took a very, very short pause. Tutankhamun probably worshipped the Aten with his family when he was young, but he definitely didn’t “revert to the worship of one deity” with his father.

I unpack all that to give you the idea of how wildly bad Shepherd’s very basic scholarship is, so that you can take the book with appropriate heapings of salt on everything else. It’s just wrong in so many ways. And sure, maybe she’s better on her own ground, but the facts of the Amarna Period in Egypt are so easy to discover that her ability to do basic fact checking seems suspect.

It’s a mildly entertaining read, but I fear that vast chunks of it are absolute fiction, even if it’s plausible fiction, and Shepherd’s scholarship is untrustworthy based on the aspects of it I can fact-check. It gets two stars because I did find it interesting enough to finish, but I can’t in good conscience give it more when it’s so very, very bad.

Rating: 2/5 (“it was okay”)

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Review – Vaccines: A Graphic History

Posted November 20, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – Vaccines: A Graphic History

Vaccines: A Graphic History

by Paige V. Polinsky, Dante Ginevra

Genres: Graphic Novels, Non-fiction
Pages: 36
Rating: two-stars
Synopsis:

Vaccines have been used to safely introduce people's bodies to diseases for centuries, and they save millions of lives each year. By giving people a weakened or dead version of a disease, a vaccine allows the body to develop antibodies which recognize and fight the disease later on. Early vaccinations used dry scabs from smallpox to promote smallpox immunity. Doctors and scientists across nations took and improved the method, developing vaccines for health crises from whooping cough to polio to COVID-19. This graphic history features famous cases and current challenges, including the time frame for creating a new vaccine.

Paige V. Polinsky’s Vaccines: A Graphic History is a very whistle-stop tour of the history of vaccination, covering types of vaccination, how vaccination works, early vaccination, and COVID vaccines, all in an incredibly tight space.

It doesn’t seem to really know what it wants to be, since there are quite technical terms (like “live attenuated vaccine”), illustrated by a couple of examples, but then it’s so general and swift that it lacks actual interest, to my mind.

It seems like a valiant educational effort, and the art’s not terrible or anything, but… I think it’s simultaneously too dry and too brief to do much good.

Rating: 2/5 (“it was okay”)

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Review – No Ordinary Deaths

Posted November 20, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – No Ordinary Deaths

No Ordinary Deaths: A People's History of Mortality

by Molly Conisbee

Genres: History, Non-fiction
Pages: 352
Rating: three-stars
Synopsis:

History is written by the A-listers' deaths - the queens beheaded and archdukes assassinated. We hardly ever learn how ordinary folk met their end and with what consequences, or consider how death has moulded our beliefs, politics and societies through time.

Historian and bereavement counsellor Molly Conisbee reveals how cycles of dying, death and disposal have shaped the lives of everyday people. Richly told and startlingly fresh, Conisbee's evocations of a cross-dressing madam in Victorian London or the professional death-watchers of the Middle Ages, of wakes, plague pits and graverobbers, all paint a fascinating picture of the hopes, fears and wishes of our forebears.

Molly Conisbee’s No Ordinary Deaths is a history of mortality as experienced by (some) people in the UK, trying to focus on those we know less about — not the deaths of kings and queens, but shopkeepers and housewives, servants and petty thieves. I found it mostly successful in providing something of that point of view, and appreciated some of the examples dug up, especially in the chapter about queer experiences and deaths.

That said, I don’t think it was a good choice for me to read right now, because a central thing that Conisbee returns to again and again is that people these days aren’t in touch with death. Death happens away from the home, people don’t see corpses, people don’t sit with the dying, etc, etc… aaaand my constant urge was to call bullshit, because of course, that’s not my personal experience. I was with my grandmother when she died, quite intentionally; longer ago, I also saw my grandfather just after he died, and had intended to be there.

I’m sure I’m not alone in that, though I do think that the generalisations are broadly correct — it’s just a raw spot for me right now, and bad timing to read this particular book. It’s possible it could be written without constantly harping on that theme, and I might’ve liked it more that way, but that doesn’t make it a bad book, just one I didn’t get along with right now.

Rating: 3/5 (“liked it”)

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Review – Eating to Extinction

Posted November 17, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – Eating to Extinction

Eating to Extinction: The World's Rarest Foods and Why We Need To Save Them

by Dan Saladino

Genres: History, Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 464
Rating: four-stars
Synopsis:

Winner of the Wainwright Prize 2022 - Eating to Extinction is an astonishing journey through the past, present and future of food, showing why reclaiming a diverse food culture is vital for our future.

From a tiny crimson pear in the west of England to an exploding corn in Mexico, there are thousands of foods that are at risk of being lost for ever. Dan Saladino spans the globe to uncover their stories, meeting the pioneering farmers, scientists, cooks, food producers and indigenous communities who are defending food traditions and fighting for change.

Eating to Extinction is about so much more than preserving the past. It is about the crisis facing our planet today, and why reclaiming a diverse food culture is vital for our future.

Dan Saladino’s Eating to Extinction has a certain amount of inherent repetition: we’re losing a lot of rare and traditional foods because of monocultures, cultural homogenisation, loss of habitat, etc. Each example can start to feel like it’s really hammering home the point a bit too much, though it does help that the chapters are arranged by theme and he discusses a few representative cereal crops, a few representative animal breeds, etc.

Even though it’s a bit repetitive — and at times really sad, because we’re losing so much, some of which we barely know we have — I found it really fascinating to read through the various examples. It made me wonder about how things taste, whether I’d like them; I’m aware that in being quite sensitive to taste and texture, I benefit from a fairly homogenised world where a burger will always taste pretty much the same within fairly narrow boundaries, for instance. My snacks are alike, bag for bag, without a great deal of variation (if any) within a brand. But I’m still sure that there are tastes I’d love out there, things that would be worth trying.

As with so many things, the main story here is that humans are exploiting the environment and making changes that are going to shoot us in the foot. Monocultures are bad, and if we’re not careful, we could see huge famines. We’re losing genetic diversity in our food crops in searching for bigger and bigger yields, sometimes for good reason (to feed hungry people) and sometimes for mere profit.

I was already pretty alive to the problems of stuff like battery farm chickens, monoculture, etc; it wasn’t a wakeup call for me so much as a nudge to keep thinking about it, and to find ways to act, because awareness isn’t enough. And Saladino makes an excellent case for the delights we’re missing out on, and may lose forever.

Rating: 4/5 (“really liked it”)

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Review – The Genius Myth

Posted November 13, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 4 Comments

Review – The Genius Myth

The Genius Myth: The Dangerous Allure of Rebels, Monsters and Rule-Breakers

by Helen Lewis

Genres: Non-fiction
Pages: 352
Rating: three-stars
Synopsis:

Everything you think you know about genius is wrong.

Most discoveries don't come in a flash of inspiration. Most high achievers aren't obsessive loners with high IQs. Most 'geniuses' have collaborators and well-developed support networks. What is a genius? Very often, it's the person who takes the credit.

Helen Lewis takes aim at the myth of the solitary genius, exploring historical and contemporary examples to show how a set of stories influence our idea of the word.

This mythology would not matter so much if it didn't have a human cost. The Genius Myth lays bare the invisible support enjoyed by our most celebrated individuals: their collaborators, their teams, their wives and parents and family wealth and connection, all quietly tidied from the historical record.

By understanding the past and current models for genius, The Genius Myth works towards a possible future of a more egalitarian meritocracy.

The premise of Helen Lewis’ The Genius Myth is basically that when we moved from saying “this person has a genius for X” into “this person is a genius”, we created a mythology that serves us ill, with examples including Elon Musk and Roman Polanski. The genius label helps people get away with bad behaviour, encourages us to worship them, and causes people to think they’re going to be great at running a major social media network just because their company successfully delivered astronauts to the space station. You know, just as an example.

(As a note, Lewis gives Elon Musk more credit than I do, seeing him as very good in his field. I have questions about this, but that’s irrelevant to the main argument.)

I think Helen Lewis has a point, and this book is a good complement to Claire Dederer’s Monsters (which it mentions) because it deals with some of the same issues from a slightly different angle. It did feel like it dragged on a bit, though; I could’ve used a couple fewer case studies and some tighter prose.

Still, some interesting points, and also examples of how the genius myth covers even for people who aren’t as highly placed as Musk, using an example of a now-disgraced playwright who was also a paedophile.

Rating: 3/5 (“liked it”)

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Review – Proto

Posted November 10, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – Proto

Proto: How One Ancient Language Went Global

by Laura Spinney

Genres: History, Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 336
Rating: three-stars
Synopsis:

One ancient language transformed our world. This is its story.

As the planet emerged from the last ice age, a language was born between Europe and Asia. This ancient tongue, which we call Proto-Indo-European, soon exploded out of its cradle, changing and fragmenting as it went, until its offspring were spoken from Scotland to China. Today those descendants constitute the world's largest language family, the thread that connects disparate cultures: Dante's Inferno to the Rig Veda, The Lord of the Rings to the love poetry of Rumi. Indo-European languages are spoken by nearly half of humanity. How did this happen?

Laura Spinney set out to answer that question, retracing the Indo-European odyssey across continents and millennia. With her we travel the length of the steppe, navigating the Caucasus, the silk roads and the Hindu Kush. We follow in the footsteps of nomads and monks, Amazon warriors and lion kings - the ancient peoples who spread these languages far and wide. In the present, Spinney meets the scientists on a thrilling mission to retrieve those lost languages: the linguists, archaeologists and geneticists who have reconstructed this ancient diaspora. What they have learned has vital implications for our modern world, as people and their languages are on the move again. Proto is a revelatory portrait of world history in its own words.

Laura Spinney’s Proto is the story of Proto-Indo-European, the ancestor language of many modern languages. She tries to trace its origins and branching points based on various evidence: linguistic evidence, of course, but also archaeology and genetics, attempting to unpick not just the words that were spoken but the people who spoke them, and why. I really loved Spinney’s book on the 1918 flu pandemic, Pale Rider, so I was eager for this one.

I did find it an interesting read, though at times a bit difficult to follow because in the end there are a lot of possibilities, and for each branch of the whole chain Spinney discusses the various different theories. For that reason, perhaps, I liked it a bit less than Pale Rider; I guess it felt a bit less focused, more or less of necessity because of the material. It’s hard to pick your way between all the theories, and at times I felt like I needed diagrams to represent all the possibilities.

I did find at first that it wasn’t very focused on the linguistic side of things, lingering on the archaeological evidence of the Yamnaya and what we can extrapolate about them, but it does get more into the technical details (like the “ruki” rule, and satemisation), which was more what I’d expected and hoped for.

There are numbered references, an extensive bibliography and an index, which are all good signs, too!

Rating: 3/5 (“liked it”)

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Review – The Genetic Lottery

Posted November 9, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – The Genetic Lottery

The Genetic Lottery

by Kathryn Paige Harden

Genres: Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 312
Rating: one-star
Synopsis:

A provocative and timely case for how the science of genetics can help create a more just and equal society

In recent years, scientists like Kathryn Paige Harden have shown that DNA makes us different, in our personalities and in our health—and in ways that matter for educational and economic success in our current society.

In The Genetic Lottery, Harden introduces readers to the latest genetic science, dismantling dangerous ideas about racial superiority and challenging us to grapple with what equality really means in a world where people are born different. Weaving together personal stories with scientific evidence, Harden shows why our refusal to recognize the power of DNA perpetuates the myth of meritocracy, and argues that we must acknowledge the role of genetic luck if we are ever to create a fair society.

Reclaiming genetic science from the legacy of eugenics, this groundbreaking book offers a bold new vision of society where everyone thrives, regardless of how one fares in the genetic lottery.

Kathryn Paige Harden means very well in The Genetic Lottery. I do think she genuinely intends to both demonstrate that there’s a genetic component to intelligence, and to suggest ways by which this can be taken into account to make society more equal.

However, I found her writing style highly tedious, and sometimes just pointless: the whole analogy of restaurants and ingredients for explaining genome-wide association studies was just silly. She could’ve explained GWAS better by just… explaining GWAS. There were whole sections that just made my eyes glaze over, and she was very uneven about how she chose to explain things.

Overall, I did think she managed to demonstrate that intelligence has a heritable component, but I didn’t feel convinced that she had good suggestions for how to make society more equal using that information. It’s a shame because she’s not wrong that we could do more to help create a more equitable society — a lot more — but… this ain’t it.

Rating: 1/5 (“didn’t like it”)

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Review – History in Flames

Posted November 3, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 2 Comments

Review – History in Flames

History in Flames: The Destruction and Survival of Medieval Manuscripts

by Robert Bartlett

Genres: History, Non-fiction
Pages: 220
Rating: three-stars
Synopsis:

To what extent does our knowledge of the past rely upon written sources? And what happens when these sources are destroyed? Focusing on the manuscripts of the Middle Ages, History in Flames explores cases in which large volumes of written material were destroyed during a single day. This destruction didn't occur by accident of fire or flood but by human forces such as arson, shelling and bombing. This book examines the political and military events that preceded the moment of destruction, from the Franco-Prussian War and the Irish Civil War to the complexities of World War II; it analyses the material lost and how it came to be where it was. At the same time, it discusses the heroic efforts made by scholars and archivists to preserve these manuscripts, even partially. History in Flames reminds us that historical knowledge rests on material remains, and that these remains are vulnerable.

Robert Bartlett’s History in Flames is not that different to a bunch of other books I’ve read semi-recently that discuss the destruction of libraries and books, except that he also discusses more quotidian manuscripts as well — records of gifts and debts, government records, etc. It’s a relatively slim volume, first defining the problem and what we know about manuscript losses, and then discussing some particular examples.

He does manage to avoid being judgemental of e.g. peasants destroying records of debts, mostly, but doesn’t really extend the same kind of understanding around the destruction of Irish records, which sometimes feels a little odd. Mostly, though, pretty interesting, and a couple of cases I didn’t know much or anything about, which made a bit of a change from the usual “libraries and war”, “book burnings”, etc, books.

It’s a pretty quick read, but conscientious about sourcing, which is nice to see as well. I long for numbered footnotes, but at least the end notes make clear not just the chapter but also the page they refer to.

Rating: 3/5 (“liked it”)

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Review – Bitch

Posted October 26, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – Bitch

Bitch: A Revolutionary Guide to Sex, Evolution and the Female Animal

by Lucy Cooke

Genres: Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 400
Rating: three-stars
Synopsis:

What does it mean to be female? Mother, carer, the weaker sex? Think again.

In the last few decades a revolution has been brewing in zoology and evolutionary biology. Lucy Cooke introduces us to a riotous cast of animals, and the scientists studying them, that are redefining the female of the species.

Meet the female lemurs of Madagascar, our ancient primate cousins that dominate the males of their species physically and politically. Or female albatross couples, hooking up together to raise their chicks in Hawaii. Or the meerkat mothers of the Kalahari Desert – the most murderous mammals on the planet.

The bitches in Bitch overturn outdated binary expectations of bodies, brains, biology and behaviour. Lucy Cooke's brilliant new book will change how you think – about sex, sexual identity and sexuality in animals and also the very forces that shape evolution.

Lucy Cooke’s Bitch aims to re-examine things that are taken for biological truths (like the idea that eggs are more costly so female animals evolved to be choosy while sperm is “cheap” and male animals are always profligate with it) in order to debunk the idea that female animals are less evolved than male animals.

She digs into this through a wide range of examples, but it’s worth noting that she really takes until the last chapter to wrestle with the fact that a male/female binary is an overly reductive and in fact unhelpful way of viewing the world. Each example, until the last chapter, is predicated on the idea that there are female animals and male animals, and some of those female animals are a bit more masculinised than we thought, or the sex roles are a bit more fluid or just plain different than we thought. It’s only in the last chapter that she reckons with species that have more than two recognised sexes (humans also have more than two phenotypic sexes, but because intersex individuals are comparatively rare and viewed as simply aberrant, we don’t really talk about that and this is never acknowledged) and the fact that the variation between sexes is actually often less than the variation between any given pair of individuals (including individuals considered to be of the same sex).

Which is to say, she doesn’t really properly reckon with it at all, since it comes in as an afterthought. As far as she goes, there are some interesting examples that overturn and complicate scientists’ expectations.

It might be a good one to sneak in some more complicated biology on people who think that genes or hormones or genitalia are the be-all and end-all of sex, but have some space between their ears for new concepts.

Personally, I learned about some new-to-me examples, and learned about some scientists who are doing interesting work, but it wasn’t overall that surprising or new to me.

Rating: 3/5 (“liked it”)

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Review – Valkyrie

Posted October 22, 2025 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – Valkyrie

Valkyrie: The Women of the Viking World

by Jóhanna Katrín Friðriksdóttir

Genres: History, Non-fiction
Pages: 280
Rating: three-stars
Synopsis:

Valkyries: the female supernatural beings that choose who dies and who lives on the battlefield. They protect some, but guide spears, arrows and sword blades into the bodies of others. Viking myths about valkyries attempt to elevate the banality of war - to make the pain and suffering, the lost limbs and deformities, the piles of lifeless bodies of young men, glorious and worthwhile. Rather than their death being futile, it is their destiny and good fortune, determined by divine beings. The women in these stories take full part in the power struggles and upheavals in their communities, for better or worse.

Drawing on the latest historical and archaeological evidence, Valkyrie introduces readers to the dramatic and fascinating texts recorded in medieval Iceland, a culture able to imagine women in all kinds of roles carrying power, not just in this world, but pulling the strings in the other-world, too. In the process, this fascinating book uncovers the reality behind the myths and legends to reveal the dynamic, diverse lives of Viking women.

Jóhanna Katrín Friðriksdóttir’s Valkyrie attempts to give us a pretty comprehensive picture of the position of women in Norse society (I don’t say “Viking”, because “Vikings” are the ones who went out trading and plundering, and this is a more complete picture than that), using evidence from archaeology, from any written sources we have, and especially from the sagas.

It may sound weird to take evidence from sagas, but there are two reasons this is justified. First, as anyone who has studied the Icelandic sagas knows, they contain detail which has been verified. Oral histories passed down through generations have, in many different societies worldwide, proven astonishingly accurate in general, and archaeological evidence has verified things previously considered fanciful (like the fact that the Vikings made it to North America, now a matter of historical fact).

That said, such sources need handling with care, and the author does that pretty well, always explaining what seems a reasonable inference and what isn’t. She leans on the sagas a lot, though, and that can get pretty repetitive (especially if you’ve read them).

Overall, I found I didn’t learn a lot, but I did start with a fairly high degree of knowledge. I think it might be a bit dry for a lot of readers, but there’s a lot of interesting stuff discussed, albeit sometimes crushing to one’s hopes of bands of Viking warrior women.

Rating: 3/5 (“liked it”)

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