Tag: science

Review – For the Love of Mars

Posted November 6, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 3 Comments

Review – For the Love of Mars

For the Love of Mars

by Matthew Shindell

Genres: History, Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 247
Rating: three-stars
Synopsis:

Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlemen, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars journeys through the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.

This book isn’t really about the science of Mars — though that comes into it — but is more of a cultural history: an attempt to understand what Mars has meant to people, the framework in which people have understood it in different ages, and how that has shaped how we understand Mars now and the kind of assumptions we hold about it.

I found it a surprisingly slow read for the length, comparatively speaking; it was perhaps a bit drier than I expected for a book about Mars (which just goes to show how we think about Mars, I suppose), and spent rather a long time recounting the stories that people told about Mars, e.g. a detailed explanation of Dante’s Paradiso.

did expect a cultural history from the blurb (though it seems other people were misled), but I suppose I’d expected something focusing more on the modern part of it. I did really enjoy the chapter that discusses the Mars rovers and people’s intense, surprisingly emotional reactions to them.

Rating: 3/5

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Review – The Man Who Tasted Words

Posted November 4, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 3 Comments

Review – The Man Who Tasted Words

The Man Who Tasted Words

by Guy Leschziner

Genres: Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 326
Rating: three-stars
Synopsis:

Vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch are what we rely on to perceive the reality of our world. Our senses are the conduits that bring us the scent of a freshly brewed cup of coffee or the notes of a favorite song suddenly playing on the radio. But are they really that reliable? The Man Who Tasted Words shows that what we perceive to be absolute truths of the world around us is actually a complex internal reconstruction by our minds and nervous systems. The translation into experiences with conscious meaning—the pattern of light and dark on the retina that is transformed into the face of a loved one, for instance—is a process that is invisible, undetected by ourselves and, in most cases, completely out of our control.

In The Man Who Tasted Words, neurologist Guy Leschziner explores how our nervous systems define our worlds and how we can, in fact, be victims of falsehoods perpetrated by our own brains. In his moving and lyrical chronicles of lives turned upside down by a disruption in one or more of their five senses, he introduces readers to extraordinary individuals, like one man who actually “tasted” words, and shows us how sensory disruptions like that have played havoc, not only with their view of the world, but with their relationships as well. The cases Leschziner shares are extreme, but they are also human, and teach us how our lives and what we perceive as reality are both ultimately defined by the complexities of our nervous systems.

The Man Who Tasted Words sounds like it’s going to be about a lexical->gustatory synaesthete, and the blurb also calls out that part, so I just want to say up front that it’s not really like that. There’s one chapter that discusses synaesthesia, and it doesn’t give it an especially long consideration or something.

In the end, it’s a book in the vein of many other similar books: the author’s a neurologist, and he draws stories from his practice to illustrate how the brain works, and how it fails to work. It’s always fascinating to read that kind of thing, but at the same time, this isn’t new at all. It has all the predictable beats (here’s the patient he failed, here’s the worst thing he’s ever experienced as a doctor, here’s the fascinating case), and the stories don’t particularly illustrate anything surprising and new.

So if you don’t read a lot of these, or conversely if you absolutely love them and read every single one you can get your hands on, this might be worth some time. I thought it was just OK, though.

Rating: 3/5

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Review – Kraken

Posted November 1, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 1 Comment

Review – Kraken

Kraken: The Curious, Exciting, and Slightly Disturbing Science of Squid

by Wendy Williams

Genres: Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 223
Rating: two-stars
Synopsis:

Kraken is the traditional name for gigantic sea monsters, and this book introduces one of the most charismatic, enigmatic, and curious inhabitants of the sea: the squid. The pages take the reader on a wild narrative ride through the world of squid science and adventure, along the way addressing some riddles about what intelligence is, and what monsters lie in the deep. In addition to squid, both giant and otherwise, Kraken examines other equally enthralling cephalopods, including the octopus and the cuttlefish, and explores their otherworldly abilities, such as camouflage and bioluminescence.

Kraken was okay, but I felt the lack of numbered footnotes and felt it was all pretty slight, relying on personal interview and recounting of encounters between people and squid, rather than focusing on squid directly. There are endnotes with a few pages of sources, but it’s impossible to match up anything said in a specific chapter with the sources, which are just alphabetised.

It’s pretty readable, and there are some interesting anecdotes, but it feels like the author didn’t really had enough material — even padding out the book with a chapter on octopodes, instead of staying focused on squid. (Of course they are related, but the chapter wasn’t about the similarities/differences so much, just spent time describing a specific encounter with an octopus and such.)

So overall, it was okay, and there was some new-to-me information, but… ultimately, nothing too surprising, and no moments where I wanted to turn to someone and say “hey, did you know…?”

Rating: 2/5

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Review – Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid

Posted October 28, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid

Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid

by Thor Hanson

Genres: Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 304
Rating: four-stars
Synopsis:

In Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid, biologist Thor Hanson tells the remarkable story of how plants and animals are responding to climate change: adjusting, evolving, and sometimes dying out. Anole lizards have grown larger toe pads, to grip more tightly in frequent hurricanes. Warm waters cause the development of Humboldt squid to alter so dramatically that fishermen mistake them for different species. Brown pelicans move north, and long-spined sea urchins south, to find cooler homes. And when coral reefs sicken, they leave no territory worth fighting for, so aggressive butterfly fish transform instantly into pacifists.

A story of hope, resilience, and risk, Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid is natural history for readers of Bernd Heinrich, Robin Wall Kimmerer, and David Haskell. It is also a reminder of how unpredictable climate change is as it interacts with the messy lattice of life.

I found this surprisingly optimistic, given that the topic is the way animals and plants are adapting to changing climates and ecosystem upheaval. Hanson presents a fairly hopeful picture, though he tries repeatedly to temper the hope with reality — the refugia that allow species to survive in tiny slices of microclimate aren’t going to save species forever, and even those species which can move to a new place are causing immense disruption wherever they arrive.

I still fear that people will read this and come away with the feeling that everything will, somehow, be fine, because species are extraordinarily resilient and changeable. But as Hanson takes some pains to point out, that’s only some species. The examples he gives are just a handful.

It’s a very readable book, and fascinating: it ranges through a number of very different habitats, making its points.

Rating: 4/5

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Review – The First Fossil Hunters

Posted October 22, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – The First Fossil Hunters

The First Fossil Hunters: Dinosaurs, Mammoths and Myth in Greek and Roman Times

by Adrienne Mayor

Genres: History, Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 400
Rating: four-stars
Synopsis:

Griffins, Cyclopes, Monsters, and Giants--these fabulous creatures of classical mythology continue to live in the modern imagination through the vivid accounts that have come down to us from the ancient Greeks and Romans. But what if these beings were more than merely fictions? What if monstrous creatures once roamed the earth in the very places where their legends first arose? This is the arresting and original thesis that Adrienne Mayor explores in The First Fossil Hunters. Through careful research and meticulous documentation, she convincingly shows that many of the giants and monsters of myth did have a basis in fact -- in the enormous bones of long-extinct species that were once abundant in the lands of the Greeks and Romans.

I really enjoyed this exploration and analysis of what the ancient Greeks and Romans thought of ancient fossils that they found and clearly noticed, collected and wondered about; the idea that they were “too big to be noticed” never sat right with me, even though it did seem weird that mostly the major philosophers didn’t comment on the subject (despite that well-known commentary on seashells demonstrating the presence of a long-lost sea in a given location).

I think that sometimes Mayor does go beyond her evidence — we just can’t be that certain, though she lays out some good evidence that tales of the existence of gryphons could’ve been sparked, in Greece, by second-hand travellers’ tales. I found that aspect of her discussion a bit thin, because there’s stuff in Greek mythology that is equally well or better explained by someone making stuff up.

That said, her discussion of “heroes’ bones” makes a lot of sense, and I do think it’s likely that stuff in Greek mythology references aspects of the world the Greeks didn’t understand, or didn’t properly understand anyway.

Rating: 4/5

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Review – Fevered Planet

Posted October 21, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Review – Fevered Planet

Fevered Planet

by John Vidal

Genres: Non-fiction, Science
Pages: 352
Rating: four-stars
Synopsis:

Covid-19, mpox, bird flu, SARS, HIV, AIDS, Ebola; we are living in the Age of Pandemics - one that we have created. As the climate crisis reaches a fever pitch and ecological destruction continues unabated, we are just beginning to reckon with the effects of environmental collapse on our global health.

Fevered Planet exposes how the way we farm, what we eat, the places we travel to and the scientific experiments we conduct create the perfect conditions for deadly new diseases to emerge and spread faster and further than ever. Drawing on the latest scientific research and decades of reporting from more than 100 countries, former Guardian environment editor John Vidal takes us into deep, disappearing forests in Gabon and the Congo, valleys scorched by wildfire near Lake Tahoe and our densest, polluted cities to show how closely human, animal and plant diseases are now intertwined with planetary destruction.

From fossil fuel use raising the global temperature to increased logging polluting our landscapes, Fevered Planet exposes the perils of reckless environmental destruction - not just to our planet but to ourselves. As Vidal expertly argues, unless we transform our relationship with the rest of the natural world, the pandemics we are facing today will just be the tip of the iceberg.

If you’ve read books like David Quammen’s Spillover (the book which once nudged me toward my current studies!) then the premise of Fevered Planet comes as no surprise: habitat destruction through human agency is driving animals into closer contact with humans, leading to more and more spillover events of zoonotic diseases.

The details are a little more nuanced: there’s more emphasis here than I remember from Spillover on climate change as a causative issue here, which only makes sense because of the expansion of viable territory for mosquitos, the way temperatures favour the reproductive cycle of some pathogens, the way that habitat destruction/change leads to movement of animals… And Vidal points the finger less at wet markets, claiming that there was never any real evidence that COVID-19 originated from one — in fact, if anything, Vidal gives quite a bit of credence to the idea of SARS-CoV-2 being a manufactured disease that slipped loose from a lab.

Now and then, Vidal does slip and write something abjectly silly, like claiming that Ebola and Marburg “cells” are going to be mixed into smallpox viruses. That’s not possible because Ebola and Marburg “cells” simply don’t exist: it’s an impossibility, because they are viruses, obligately intracellular rather than possessing any cell body of their own. Perhaps he meant genes, or specific virulence factors of some other type, but what he wrote is an absurdity. It shows that either he doesn’t understand the science or he isn’t paying attention to detail — and either makes me question his ability to present other concepts accurately (and whether anyone properly proofread the whole book).

For the most part, it’s well-written, and what he writes accords with what I know and with what the sources I checked seem to suggest. Nonetheless, handle with care, and check any source you’re planning to quote or otherwise make use of to ensure that his presentation of the facts is correct.

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Review – Slime: A Natural History

Posted September 16, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Cover of Slime: A Natural History, by Susanne WedlichSlime: A Natural History, Susanne Wedlich, trans. Ayca Türkoglu 

Slime: A Natural History is a very readable book. Often with translated works, I can tell that they’re translated, but this translator is very good at making the book feel chatty and colloquial. It slips by really quickly, with the author’s enthusiasm for the topic shining through.

However, it doesn’t quite feel organised. Although the chapters are arranged into sections by theme, it feels very “and another thing, and another thing, and another thing” — a pile of facts that doesn’t really cohere into a structure. I also thought that the human “fear” of slime was a bit over-egged. Sure, there are times when slime is very gross and touching it would be aversive, and there are horror films which use that grossness as part of the fever-pitch of emotion, but I don’t find slime inherently frightening.

Still, an enjoyable read, and I learned some interesting things!

Rating: 3/5

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Review – The Possibility of Life

Posted September 12, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Cover of The Possibility of Life by Jaime GreenThe Possibility of Life, Jaime Green

The Possibility of Life looks to both science and science fiction for an idea of humanity’s hopes, dreams and fears of what alien life might look like, how realistic that might be, and what it’s based on. If you’re an SF/F fan, you’ll probably recognise a lot of the references, and not just the old white men or the hit TV series of SF either: Ursula Le Guin and N.K. Jemisin are here too.

I found it very readable, and thought Green presents the scientific facts (such as they are) very well. The enthusiasm for the subject is palpable, and optimistic, but doesn’t over-egg it (we’re probably not five minutes from meeting a Vulcan or Cardassian).

Nothing too surprising for me, but I enjoyed the approach to the subject.

Rating: 4/5

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Review – An Immense World

Posted September 3, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 0 Comments

Cover of An Immense World by Ed YongAn Immense World, Ed Yong

I remember really liking Yong’s previous book about microbes, and this didn’t disappoint — despite being a whole new topic! The best pop-science, for me, is the stuff that makes me constantly want to tell someone about the neat things I’m learning. That was definitely the case here: I was texting my mum from the discharge ward after a minor surgery to tell her about the eyes of scallops!

Yong writes clearly and with lots and lots of examples. Now and then I didn’t care much for the metaphors, as in the introduction — just get down to the actual science, pleeeease. I also got a bit overloaded by all the footnotes. But for the most part, it was really readable and fascinating. There are a lot of references and so on in the back, and Yong is careful not to claim too much for any fascinating theories, making it clear when things are fully understood and when they aren’t. (At least, to the best of our knowledge.)

Animal senses really aren’t my main interest, but Yong writes engagingly enough — and the topic is fascinating enough — that it really doesn’t matter.

Definitely recommended, if your interest is piqued.

Rating: 5/5

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Review – Flaws of Nature

Posted August 22, 2023 by Nicky in Reviews / 2 Comments

Cover of Flaws of Nature by Andy DobsonFlaws of Nature, Andy Dobson

Flaws of Nature is about the weird stuff that happens due to evolution — the famous cases where an organism is far from perfectly designed, like the long nerve in the necks of giraffes, or the fact that dolphins and whales can’t actually breathe underwater (which seems like a bit of a drawback, even if they have a workaround and things seem to work out for them). It’s not just a litany of interesting facts, though: instead Dobson’s interested in why and how this stuff might evolve this way.

For the most part, this is explained accessibly, through examples and a little bit of math. Nothing I struggled with, and I’m not great with figures, so definitely still accessible to a layperson. And there are some interesting random facts among all of those examples (the multiple jaws of fish were new to me; I thought that was unique to morays).

One thing that irritated me quite a bit was the constant footnotes, and the format of them. *** and **** aren’t sufficiently different to make it swiftly obvious which footnote I want to look at: numbers would be much, much better.

Overall, it seemed pretty solid to me, if obviously sometimes rather simplifying matters. It has a bibliography which looks fairly thorough, albeit not numbered references. I found it interesting.

Rating: 4/5

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